New techniques and devices provide effective methods for studying physiology and evaluating dysfunction of the urinary tract. The pressure-flow study, in which the intravesical pressure, intra-abdominal pressure, differential pressure, and voiding flow rates are monitored, is one example. Cinefluoroscopy is invaluable for studying reflux of urine and ureteral peristalsis. When this method is combined with simultaneous pressure recordings, the pressure at which reflux occurs can be detected. Special cystogram techniques have been designed to evaluate bladder emptying and detect reflux, outlet obstruction, and bladder deformities. Because of the expense and necessary complexity of the testing equipment, diagnostic testing centers are suggested for the study and analysis of refractory urologic cases.