Abstract
Cytology screening, used in New Zealand since 1955 at an intensity comparable to that in Canada generally, has not favourably affected incidence and mortality rates for cervical cancer; these have actually risen significantly in 20 to 34-year-old New Zealand women. Canadian claims that mortality falls are related to intensity of cytological screening are not justifiable, so that the significance of the 'pre-cancers' revealed by cytology and the value of population screening would seem to be doubtful.