The renewed interest in electric vehicles (EVs) in the wake of the California Air Resources Board mandate that 2% of the vehicles lighter than 3750 lb (1700 kg) sold by each manufacturer in that state in 1998 be zero-emission vehicles is examined. The reasons why replacing an internal combustion vehicle (ICV) with an electrically powered equivalent greatly reduces air pollution, not only where the EV is driven, but over the rest of the map as well are discussed. Three drawbacks that have kept EVs from taking over, despite the fact that they are quieter and more reliable as well as less polluting than their internal combustion counterparts, are discussed. They offer limited range on a simple charge, long recharge time, and higher cost than ICVs. The importance of an appropriate infrastructure is stressed.