Characterization of Abnormal Thymidine Kinases Induced by Drug-resistant Strains of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Abstract

Two TK+ acyclovir-resistant variants of herpes simplex virus (HSV) (S1 and Tr7) and 1 TK+ BVdU[E-5(2-bromovinyl)-2''-deoxyuridine]-resistant variant (B3) induce abnormal thymidine kinases with impaired ability to phosphorylate the drugs used in their isolation. These enzymes were purified and their properties compared with those of the wild-type (wt) parent, SC16. The enzyme induced by S1 differed markedly from the other 3 in both its responses to salt and to pH. B3 TK recognized the enzyme''s natural substrates, thymidine, deoxycytidine, dTMP and ATP, as well as the wt enzyme. Tr7 and S1 TK failed to bind deoxycytidine and bind thymidine less well than wt. TR7 and S1 TK had affinities for dTMP similar to those of B3 and the wt enzymes. ATP binding to wt, Tr7 and B3 enzymes was similar but this substrate bound only weakly to S1 TK. Each mutant displayed a characteristically distinct pattern of affinities for a range of nucleoside analog substrates, suggesting that they will show some cross-resistance to drugs which have a similar mechanism of action to acyclovir and BVdU.