On the Life-History and Structure of the Early Stages of Simuliidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Part I

Abstract

Adults of the family Simuliidae have been known in Europe for a very long time as very serious pests affecting both men and cattle, and there were many interesting legends, even up to the middle of the eighteenth century, explaining their origin from grottos in the mountains (Tömösváry). Fabricius (1784) for the first time found a Simulium pupa (probably that of S. venustum Say) and described it under the name Tipula sericea, but to Schönbauer (1795) we owe the discovery that the earlier stages (egg, larva and pupa) of Simulium (Kolumbatczer-Mücke) are to be found in running water.