A Ca2+-Independent Receptor for α-Latrotoxin, CIRL, Mediates Effects on Secretion via Multiple Mechanisms

Abstract

α-Latrotoxin (α-Ltx), a component of black widow spider venom, stimulates secretion from nerve terminals and from PC12 cells. In this study we examine the effects of expression of a newly cloned Ca²⁺-independent receptor for α-Ltx (CIRL) on secretion from bovine chromaffin cells. We first characterized the effect of α-Ltx on secretion from untransfected cells. α-Ltx, by binding in a Ca²⁺-independent manner to an endogenous receptor, causes subsequent Ca²⁺-dependent secretion from intact cells. The stimulation of secretion is correlated with Ca²⁺influx caused by the toxin. In permeabilized cells in which the Ca²⁺ concentration is regulated by buffer, α-Ltx also enhances Ca²⁺-dependent secretion, indicating a direct role of the endogenous receptor in the secretory pathway. Expression of CIRL increased the sensitivity of intact and permeabilized cells to the effects of α-Ltx, demonstrating that this protein is functional in coupling to secretion. Importantly, in the absence of α-Ltx, the expression of CIRL specifically inhibited the ATP-dependent component of secretion in permeabilized cells without affecting the ATP-independent secretion. This suggests that this receptor modulates the normal function of the regulated secretory pathway and that α-Ltx may act by reversing the inhibitory effects of the receptor.