Paraneoplastic syndromes are caused by systemic factors that are produced at a site distant from the primary tumor or its metastases. Although these syndromes can be observed in a variety of tumor types, they are commonly found in lung cancer, particularly small cell lung cancer. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of two of the more well-documented paraneoplastic syndromes--endocrinologic and neurologic systemic manifestations of cancer.