Ventricular Tachycardias Mimicking Those Arising from the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract

Abstract

RVOT VT Mimics. Introduction: Ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) arising from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) has proven highly successful, yet VTs with similar ECG features may originate outside the RVOT. Methods and Results: We reviewed the clinical, echocardiographic, and ECG; findings of 29 consecutive patients referred for ablation of monomorphic VT having a left bundle branch block pattern in lead V₁ and tall monophasic R waves inferiorly. Nineteen patients (group A) had VTs ablated from the RVOT, and 10 patients (group B) had VTs that could not be ablated from the RVOT. The QRS morphology during VT or frequent ventricular premature complexes was the only variable that distinguished the two groups. During the target arrhythmia, ECGs of group B patients displayed earlier precordial transition zones (median V₃ vs V₅; P < 0.001), more rightward axes (90 ± 4 vs 83 ± 5; P = 0.002), taller R waves inferiorly (aVF: 1.9 ± 1.0 vs 2.4 ± 0.5; P = 0.020) and small R waves in lead V₁ (10/10 vs 9/19; P = 0.011). Radiofrequency catheter ablation from the RVOT failed to eliminate VT in any group B patient, hut ablation from the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) eliminated VT in 2 of 6 patients in whom left ventricular ablation was attempted. Conclusion: The absence of an R wave in lead V₁ and a late precordial transition zone suggest an RVOT origin of VT, whereas an early precordial transition zone characterizes VTs that mimic an RVOT origin. The latter VTs occasionally can be ablated from the LVOT. Recognition of these ECG features may help the physician advise patients and direct one's approach to ablation.