Identification of p130Cas as a substrate of Yersinia YopH (Yop51), a bacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase that translocates into mammalian cells and targets focal adhesions

Abstract

A number of pathogenic bacteria utilize type III secretion pathways to translocate virulence proteins into host eukaryotic cells. We identified a host target of YopH, a protein tyrosine phosphatase that is translocated into mammalian cells by Yersiniae. A catalytically inactive ‘substrate‐trapping’ mutant, YopHC403S, was used as a probe to determine where YopH substrates localize in eukaryotic cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that YopHC403S localized to focal adhesions in human epithelial cells infected with Y.pseudotuberculosis. YopHC403S stabilized focal adhesions, as shown by its dominant‐negative effect on focal adhesion disassembly mediated by YopE, a translocated protein which disrupts actin stress fibers. Conversely, YopH destabilized focal adhesions, even in the absence of YopE, as shown by loss of phosphotyrosine staining. Immunoprecipitation revealed that YopHC403S was trapped in a complex with a hyperphosphorylated 125–135 kDa protein, identified by immunoblotting as the focal adhesion protein p130^Cas. YopHC403S bound directly to p130^Cas in a phosphotyrosine‐dependent manner in vitro. Translocation of YopH into cells plated on fibronectin resulted in rapid and selective dephosphorylation of p130^Cas. These results demonstrate that YopH targets focal adhesions in host cells and that p130^Cas, a docking protein for multiple SH2 domains, is a direct substrate of this enzyme in vivo.