Diffraction of X-Rays in Liquids: Benzene, Cyclohexane and Certain of Their Derivatives

Abstract

An examination by the x-ray diffraction ionization method was made of benzene, toluene, $o$-, $m$- and $p$-xylene, mesitylene, ethyl benzene and isopropyl benzene; cyclohexane, methyl cyclohexane, $o$-, $m$ and $p$-dimethyl cyclohexane; phenol, aniline, cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone; 2-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl benzene and three isomers, $o$-, $m$- and $p$-toluidine, and $o$-, $m$- and $p$-cresyl methyl ether. The diffraction peaks are taken to be caused by the semi-orderly space arrangement of the molecules in the liquid, or cybotactic condition, and the distances of separation of the planes containing diffraction centers are computed by Braggs' diffraction law. Both assumptions have been previously proved justifiable.