Instances of acute poisoning by aniline and its derivatives occur not infrequently. Many of the cases reported among industrial workers and particularly in children could have been prevented had the possibility of this condition been kept in mind. It is also true that the recognition of this dye intoxication would not be so indefinite and always forthcoming if workers would be constantly on the alert in places where it is apt to occur. Therefore it is our purpose in this paper to reemphasize and warn all those concerned that this condition should never be underestimated and that today negligence of some sort is usually its chief source. HISTORY There have been many interesting reports on the toxic effects of aniline, its derivatives and coal tar, their mother substance. The first series of cases due to aniline-stamped diapers was in 1886. Rayner1 reported 17 cases which appeared in London at