Stereochemistry of Lactide Polymerization with Chiral Catalysts: New Opportunities for Stereocontrol Using Polymer Exchange Mechanisms

Abstract

The synthesis of chiral aluminum and yttrium alkoxides and their application for lactide polymerization are reported. The complexes (SalBinap)MOR [4, M = Al, R = ⁱPr; 5, M = Y, R = (CH₂)₂NMe₂] are synthesized by reacting the ligand (SalBinap)H₂ [2,2‘-[(1,1‘-binaphthalene)-2,2‘-diylbis(nitrilomethylidyne)]bisphenol] with the appropriate metal trisalkoxide. While enantiomerically pure yttrium complex 5 did not effect stereocontrol in the polymerization of either meso- or rac-lactide, homochiral 4 was found to exhibit excellent stereocontrol in a range of lactide polymerizations. Enantiomerically pure 4 polymerizes meso-lactide to syndiotactic poly(lactic acid) (PLA), while rac-4 polymerizes meso- and rac-lactide to heterotactic and isotactic stereoblock PLA, respectively. On the basis of the absolute stereochemistry of ring-opening of meso-lactide using (R)-4, a polymer exchange mechanism is proposed to account for the PLA microstructures resulting from rac-4.