HISTORICAL Ambrose Pare (Paris, 1510-1590), Thomas Bartholinus (Copenhagen, 1616-1680) and Ledran (Paris, about 1778) are said to have written of carcinoma of the male breast, but it has not been possible to consult these articles. About 1820, articles on the subject began to appear in medical journals, especially in the Lancet. Liston (Lancet, 1838), one of the notable earlier reporters, while operating on a man said: "Those who witnessed the operation observed that I was at no pains to preserve integument." A somewhat naive remark which I think might well receive more consideration today. From 1820 to the present day, articles have frequently appeared, especially in the French, English and American journals. German contributions have, singularly, been infrequent. Horteloup1 collected seventy references to diseases of the breast of all kinds in man. Velpeau2 mentions, without going into detail, ten cases of carcinoma in men in about 2,000 cases