The Role of Bleeding upon Probing in the Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease: A Literature Review

Abstract

Assessment of bleeding upon probing is an integral part of a periodontal examination [in humans]. Recent investigations indicated that bleeding reflects histological, clinical and bacteriological alterations associated with periodontal disease. Clinical and histologic data suggest that bleeding is an earlier sign of gingivitis than visual signs of inflammation (redness and swelling). Current literature referring to the role of bleeding upon probing in the diagnosis of periodontal disease is reviewed; its limitations as a clinical parameter are discussed.