Picojoule, subnanosecond, all-optical switching using bound excitons in CdS

Abstract
We use the nondiffusive nonlinearity, the large transition dipole moment, and the small spectral broadening associated with the I2 bound excitons in cadmium sulfide to achieve the lowest reported single beam switching energy (<8 pJ) and the fastest reported ON/OFF switching bistable device (<2 ns) with clearly resolved switching states. In an optimized geometry, it is shown that the fundamental limits on switching energies can be approached.