Equivalent Reactance of Synchronous Machines

Abstract
Steady state characteristics of synchronous machines of normal design are affected appreciably by changes in magnetic saturation. In this paper the efect of saturation is included in the derivation of the equations for determining steady state performance. It is shown that a saturated machine under steady state conditions, and for small changes from the original operating point, can be replaced for purposes of calculation by an unsaturated machine.

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