Ledge Formation on the (111) Surface of Copper

Abstract
The ledges formed by bunching of atomic steps during dissolution of copper crystals with surfaces vicinal to (111) have been investigated. The conditions for ledge stability were determined in dissolution experiments for which data of step velocities us. step spacings had been determined previously. From these data step interaction functions were generated, and step motion was simulated on a digital computer, making use of the Mullins and Hirth modification of the kinematic theory of dissolution. Ledges could be made to appear or disappear in the computer experiments for conditions corresponding directly to laboratory experiments in which the ledges appeared or disappeared.