Quantum-enhanced measurements: beating the standard quantum limit

Abstract

Quantum mechanics, through the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, imposes limits to the precision of measurement. Conventional measurement techniques typically fail to reach these limits. Conventional bounds to the precision of measurements such as the shot noise limit or the standard quantum limit are not as fundamental as the Heisenberg limits, and can be beaten using quantum strategies that employ `quantum tricks' such as squeezing and entanglement.