Characterization of carbon materials by their microtexture, depending on schema of orientation of layer planes and degree of orientation as well as graphitization degree, was proposed. The schema of orientation is classified into planar, axial and point orientations. The axial orientation at high degree has to be distinguished into co-axial and radial arrangements of layer planes in the cross section perpendicular to the reference axis, and the point orientation also into concentric and radial arrangements. The importance of microtexture in carbon materials was pointed out by referring various experimental results; magnetoresistance parameters on cokes and carbon fibers, size effect on crystallite growth in spherical particles and transformation of orientation schema.