Transpiration, Water Absorption, and Internal Water Balance of Cotton Plants as Affected by Light and Changes in Saturation Deficit

Abstract

In controlled environment studies of cotton plants (Gossypium barbadense) a light-induced acceleration of transpiration upset the water balance established in the dark because of a lag in water absorption. A plant-water deficit could be generated either by sudden illumination at a given saturation deficit (sd) of the air, or by raising the sd in conjunction with illumination, without different effects. Direct water balance measurements were confirmed in every experiment by beta-ray gauge detection of changes in leaf-water content resulting from unequal gain and loss of water by the whole plant. Recovery from the initial loss of turgidity always was faster and more complete at the higher than at the lower values of sd. Recovery occurred even in the light at the higher values of sd, but was enhanced by return to darkness and a lower sd, which at times resulted in superhydration. Rehydration in the light could be attributed to at least 2 processes (A) a diminished transpiration rate if earlier water loss was sufficient to induce stomatal closure, and (B) an increased rate of water absorption. The data suggest that a water deficit, temporary or persisting, does not cause a significantly lowered transpiration rate; thus, recovery must depend on increased absorption. The communicative link between the 2 processes appears weak, transmitting strong signals only.