Secondary activities of diverse inhibitors potentiate the response of hamster embryo cultures to a mitotic stimulus

Abstract

The reversal of the density dependent inhibition of replication (DDIR) of Syrian hamster embryo cultures by fresh medium containing 30–50% fetal bovine serum was poorly synchronized. There were two waves of DNA synthesis eight to nine hours apart, which by examination of autoradiograms of cultures pulse‐labeled with ³H‐thymidine, were found to involve 55% and 45% of the cell population. The second wave was found to be due to a subpopulation of epithelioid cells set in the predominantly fibroblastic cell cultures. Pretreatment of the DDIR cultures with hydroxyurea (HU) or arabinosyl cytosine (ara‐C), followed by serum stimulation in the absence of the drugs, led to an enhancement of the synchrony. The effect increased with lengthening of the contact with antimetabolites, to a maximum after 20 hours' pre‐exposure, and was in part due to the shortening of the G1 phase of the epithelioid elements, and in part to increasing the synchrony of the fibroblastic cells. The resulting synchrony involved some 95% of the cells in simultaneous DNA synthesis after a median G1 period of 12 hours. The effect had no relationship to the role of HU and ara‐C as specific inhibitors of DNA synthesis since the cultures were mitotically quiescent, and a similar enhanced response could be induced in DDIR cultures by prestimulation exposure lasting only two hours to cycloheximide (cyx), an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Pre‐exposure of DDIR cultures to actinomycin D did not potentiate the cell response. A survey of the known secondary inhibitions caused by these three antimetabolites suggests that they all may cause deficiencies in the glycolipid or glycoprotein moieties of the cell surface. These observations provide a useful, simple means of improving synchrony in these systems and may prove to be a useful probe for investigating the role of the cell surface in regulating cell replication.