CORTICAL ANOMALIES, VENTRICULAR HETEROTOPIAS AND OCCLUSION OF THE AQUEDUCT OF SYLVIUS

Abstract

True heterotopia of the brain is not common, although a considerable number of cases is reported in the German literature, but few in French, English or American literature. Heterotopias vary much in size, site and number, and when present they usually are multiple. Tüngel¹ found heterotopias of gray substance in the wall of the lateral ventricle, whereas Meschede² found as many as eighty heterotopic nodules in the walls of the lateral ventricles. Virchow³ described heterotopic nodules in a brain, saying that they appeared as if a gyrus was placed in the white substance. Ermann⁴ found about thirty such nodules and Hoffmann⁵ saw ganglion cells, with fatty degeneration, in some heterotopic islands. Otto⁶ had three cases with nodules in the ventricular walls, whereas Wicke⁷ described a case of heterotopia in the centrum semiovale. Matell⁸ described a case of massive heterotopia underneath the cortex