Interferometric measurements of the complex amplitude of the defocus signal V(z) in the confocal scanning optical microscope

Abstract
A confocal interference microscope incorporating an electro‐optic phase modulator has been used to make simultaneous measurements of the inphase and quadrature components of the confocal signal as a reflecting surface is scanned axially, the so‐called V(z) response. Comparison with previously published theoretical predictions is seen to be favorable.