Titanium/magnesium double diffusion method for efficient fibre-LiNbO3 waveguide coupling

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Abstract
A new fibre-Ti: LiNbO3 waveguide coupling loss reduction method, which symmetrises the waveguide depth index profile by Mg diffusion after Ti-diffused waveguide formation, is proposed. A fibre-to-fibre total insertion loss of 0.5 dB for a 1 cm-long waveguide has been obtained using this method.