Comparison of PSK and of multilevel AM data modulators

Abstract
Coherent quaternary PSK (QPSK) and quaternary AM (QAM) models are compared and conditions for their equivalence are presented. Hardware design problems of both ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ driven integrated circuits and balanced mixers and their applications in systems are described. An approach to PSK modulator design employing only digital circuits is also discussed. The theory is illustrated using measurements taken at a rate of 1[sdot]544 Mbit/s.

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