HLA-G and its role in implantation (review)
Open Access
- 14 July 2007
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Nature in Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
- Vol. 24 (7), 288-295
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-007-9148-3
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is thought to play a key role in implantation by modulating cytokine secretion to control trophopblastic cell invasion and to maintain a local immunotolerance. The literature is reviewed to provide a description of the genetic background, properties of the protein, and the function of HLA-G. Data are presented on potential clinical applications of HLA-G including the use of evaluation of HLA-G gene polymorphisms in the diagnosis of patients experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss and evaluation and testing of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in embryo culture media for the selection of embryos for transfer after in vitro fertilization (IVF). The literature supports a central role of HLA-G for successful implantation. Of couples experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss, 32% demonstrated the -1725G HLA-G polymorphism. Our data showed that when embryos were selected for transfer after IVF based on culture media concentrations of sHLA-G ≥ 2 U/ml and good morphologic grade, a 65% pregnancy rate compared with a 0% pregnancy rate in those with <2 U/ml sHLA-G. HLA-G is important for successful implantation in human beings. The HLA-G -725 promoter polymorphism is a risk factor for recurrent miscarriage. Measurement of sHLA-G in embryo culture media can help select embryos for transfer after IVF allowing fewer embryos to be transferred in an attempt to lower multiple gestation rates.Keywords
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