The authors examined the psychosocial sequelae of head trauma at 1 month after injury in a group of 102 adult head-injured patients representing a broad range of severity of trauma. One hundred two control subjects selected from friends of the head-injured patients were used for comparison purposes. Outcome was determined with a battery of psychosocial measures assessing a number of different areas of daily functioning. The results support the following conclusions: (a) at 1 month after injury, head-injured patients experience difficulties in a number of areas of psychosocial functioning, especially the resumption of major role activities (i.e., work, school, and home management) and leisure/recreational activities; (b) the relationship between head injury severity level and the adequacy of psychosocial functional differs for the various measures; and (c) in determining the psychosocial consequences of head trauma, the use of an appropriate control group is essential.