Varactor-diode loaded passive polarisation-agile patch antenna

Abstract
A passive polarisation-agile microstrip patch antenna has been developed. Using independently biased varactor diodes on the patch axes to tune or detune orthogonal modes, it can produce linear polarisation, or left or right hand circular polarisation according to the bias voltages. Crosspolar levels when operated in the linear state, and axial ratios in the circular state can be optimised by fine adjustment of the diode bias.

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