Group B streptococcal neonatal infection is an increasing problem in this country and in Europe. Nine cases of group B streptococcal neonatal infection are reported from Ohio; these occurred over a six-month period with a case-fatality rate of 44%. Cases are divided into acute- and delayed-onset syndromes. The immunological findings of group B neonatal infections are discussed with specific regard to a survivor with group B type la organisms who demonstrated enhanced phagocytosis to B la organisms in vitro. (JAMA230:1165-1167, 1974)