Epidemiological Bases for Possible Air Quality Criteria for Lead

Abstract

In at least some urban areas, population exposure to elevated atmospheric lead levels is associated with increased blood lead. No reasonable alternative explanation exists other than that the increased levels of lead pollution are causing increased lead storage in the body. The study of lead body burdens in U. S. populations indicates an increasing concentration with age in liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney, and lung. No such increase is found in samples of residents from foreign countries. The effect of increased storage of lead on porphyrin metabolism is in urgent need of investigation. Higher levels of lead exposure may interfere with hemoglobin synthesis. Using WHO categories for air quality guides (criteria), a level I criterion for two micrograms of lead per cubic meter of air for a long-term average can be proposed. It would apply to pollution largely derived from motor vehicular sources.