Second-order free-riding problem solved?
- 21 September 2005
- journal article
- editorial
- Published by Springer Nature in Nature
- Vol. 437 (7058), E8
- https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04201
Abstract
Arising from: K. Panchanathan & R. Boyd Nature 432, 499–502 (2004); K. Panchanathan & R. Boyd reply Panchanathan and Boyd1 describe a model of indirect reciprocity in which mutual aid among cooperators can promote large-scale human cooperation without succumbing to a second-order free-riding problem2 (whereby individuals receive but do not give aid). However, the model does not include second-order free riders as one of the possible behavioural types. Here I present a simplified version of their model to demonstrate how cooperation unravels if second-round defectors enter the population, and this shows that the free-riding problem remains unsolved.Keywords
This publication has 6 references indexed in Scilit:
- Don't lose your reputationNature, 2004
- Indirect reciprocity can stabilize cooperation without the second-order free rider problemNature, 2004
- A tale of two defectors: the importance of standing for evolution of indirect reciprocityJournal of Theoretical Biology, 2003
- Reputation helps solve the ‘tragedy of the commons’Nature, 2002
- The Dynamics of Indirect ReciprocityJournal of Theoretical Biology, 1998
- Evolution of indirect reciprocity by image scoringNature, 1998