A randomized trial on the efficacy of an autologous blood drainage and transfusion device in patients undergoing elective knee arthroplasty

Abstract

The purpose of the study reported here was the determination of the efficacy of a postoperative autologous blood drainage and transfusion device in reducing allogeneic red cell requirements in patients undergoing elective knee arthroplasty. The study was a randomized controlled trial with adult patients undergoing unilateral elective arthroplastic knee surgery. Patients underwent suction drainage, attached to an autologous blood drainage and transfusion device, or standard suction drainage. Allogeneic red cells were given according to strict transfusion guidelines based on blood loss and postoperative hemoglobin values. Outcome measures included the mean number of allogeneic red cell concentrates required and the number of patients in each group who required no transfusion. Patients assigned to standard suction drainage had a mean allogeneic red cell utilization of 1.2 units (SD 1.0), as compared to a mean of 0.4 units (SD 0.8) in the group undergoing drainage with the autologous blood drainage and transfusion device (p = 0.0007). The percentage of patients not requiring allogeneic red cells was significantly higher in the latter group (74.3% vs. 32.5%; p = 0.002). The postoperative drainage and transfusion device was efficacious in reducing the amount of allogeneic red cells required by patients undergoing knee arthroplasty, and its use resulted in a 42 percent reduction in the number of patients requiring allogeneic transfusion.