REGULATION OF EUKARYOTIC PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-SPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE C AND PHOSPHOLIPASE D
- 1 June 1997
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Annual Reviews in Annual Review of Biochemistry
- Vol. 66 (1), 475-509
- https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.66.1.475
Abstract
This review focuses on two phospholipase activities involved in eukaryotic signal transduction. The action of the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes produces two well-characterized second messengers, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. This discussion emphasizes recent advances in elucidation of the mechanisms of regulation and catalysis of the various isoforms of these enzymes. These are especially related to structural information now available for a phospholipase C delta isozyme. Phospholipase D hydrolyzes phospholipids to produce phosphatidic acid and the respective head group. A perspective of selected past studies is related to emerging molecular characterization of purified and cloned phospholipases D. Evidence for various stimulatory agents (two small G protein families, protein kinase C, and phosphoinositides) suggests complex regulatory mechanisms, and some studies suggest a role for this enzyme activity in intracellular membrane traffic.Keywords
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