Miniature plane mirror analyzer suitable for angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy

Abstract
A plane‐parallel‐plate electron energy analyzer is described based on the second‐order‐focusing 30° injection geometry. The small size of the analyzer permits it to be attached to a commercial rotary feedthrough and to be used in angle‐resolved photoemission studies. The analyzer is operated in a constant pass energy mode, and the electron energy spectrum is obtained by sweeping the voltage on a preretardation/acceleration stage. A resolution function ΔE/E equal to ∼6% leads to a resolution of lower than 0.2 eV at sufficiently low pass energies. The performance is illustrated with results obtained using synchrotron radiation in a system having two identical analyzers.