No decrease in annual risk of tuberculosis infection in endemic area in Cape Town, South Africa
- 11 February 2009
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in Tropical Medicine & International Health
- Vol. 14 (2), 136-142
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02213.x
Abstract
To estimate the change in annual risk of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) in two neighbouring urban communities of Cape Town, South Africa with an HIV prevalence of approximately 2%, and to compare ARTI with notification rates and treatment outcomes in the tuberculosis (TB) programme. In 1998-1999 and 2005, tuberculin skin test surveys were conducted to measure the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and to calculate the ARTI. All 6 to 9-year-old children from all primary schools were included in the survey. Notification rates and treatment outcomes were obtained from the TB register. A total of 2067 children participated in the survey from 1998 to 1999 and a total of 1954 in 2005. Based on a tuberculin skin test cut-off point of 10 mm, the ARTI was 3.7% (3.4-4.0%) in the 1998-1999 survey and 4.1% (3.8-4.5%) in 2005. The notification rate for pulmonary TB increased significantly from 646 per 100 000 in 1998 to 784 per 100 000 in 2002. In Ravensmead, there was no significant change in ARTI [first survey: 3.5% (3.1-3.9%), second survey: 3.2% (2.9-3.6%)], but in Uitsig the ARTI increased significantly from 4.1% (3.6-4.6%) to 5.8% (5.2-6.5%). The difference in ARTI between the two areas was associated with differences in reported case rates and the proportion of previously treated cases. Tuberculosis transmission remains very high in these two communities and control measures to date have failed. Additional measures to control TB are needed.Estimer les changements dans le risque annuel d'infection de la tuberculose (RAIT) dans deux communautEs urbaines voisines de Cape Town en Afrique du Sud avec un taux de prEvalence du VIH d'environ 2% et comparer le RAIT aux taux de notifications et aux rEsultats du traitement dans le programme de lutte contre la tuberculose (TB). En 1998-1999 et 2005, des Etudes sur le test cutanE a la tuberculine ont EtE menEes afin de mesurer la prEvalence de l'infection par Mycobacterium tuberculosis et pour le calcul du RAIT. Tous les enfants de 6 a 9 ans dans toutes les Ecoles primaires ont EtE inclus dans l'enquete. Les taux de notifications et les rEsultats du traitement ont EtE obtenus a partir du registre de la TB. 2067 enfants ont participE a l'enquete de 1998-1999 et 1954 en 2005. Sur la base d'une valeur seuil du test cutanE a la tuberculine de 10 mm, le RAIT a EtE estimE a 3,7% (3,4% - 4,0%) dans l'Etude menEe en 1998-1999 et a 4,1% (3,8% - 4,5%) en 2005. Le taux de notification de la TB pulmonaire a augmentE de 646 pour 100000 en 1998 a 784 pour 100000 en 2002. A Ravensmead il n'y avait pas de changement significatif dans le RAIT (premiere enquete: 3,5% (3,1% - 3,9%), seconde enquete: 3,2% (2,9% - 3,6%)), mais a Uitsig le RAIT a augmentE de 4,1% (3,6% - 4,6%) a 5,8% (5,2% - 6,5%). La diffErence de RAIT entre les deux zones Etait associEe a des diffErences dans le taux de cas rapportEs et la proportion de cas dEja traitEs. La transmission de la TB demeure tres ElevEe dans ces deux communautEs et les mesures de controle a ce jour ont EchouE. Des mesures supplEmentaires pour le controle de la TB sont nEcessaires.Estimar el cambio en el riesgo anual de infeccion por tuberculosis (RAIT) en dos comunidades urbanas vecinas de Ciudad del Cabo, Sudafrica, con una prevalencia de VIH de aproximadamente 2%, y comparar el RAIT con las tasas de notificacion y los resultados del tratamiento en el programa de tuberculosis (TB). En 1998-1999 y 2005, se realizaron pruebas dErmicas de tuberculina con el fin de medir la prevalencia de infeccion por Mycobacterium tuberculosis y calcular el RAIT. Todos los ninos de 6 a 9 anos de escuelas primarias fueron incluidos en el estudio. Las tasas de notificacion y los resultados del tratamiento fueron obtenidos del registro de TB. 2,067 ninos participaron en el estudio entre 1998 y 1999 y 1,954 en el 2005. Basandose en un punto de corte para la prueba de tuberculina de 10 mm, el RAIT fue 3.7% (3.4% - 4.0%) en el estudio de 1998-1999 y del 4.1% (3.8% - 4.5%) en el 2005. La tasa de notificacion para TB pulmonar aumento significativamente de 646 por100,000 en 1998 a 784 por 100,000 en el 2002. En Ravensmead no habia un cambio significativo para el RAIT (primer estudio: 3.5% (3.1% - 3.9%), segundo estudio: 3.2% (2.9% - 3.6%)), pero en Uitsig el RAIT aumento significativamente de 4.1% (3.6% - 4.6%) a 5.8% (5.2% - 6.5%). La diferencia en RAIT entre las dos areas estaba asociada a diferencias en las tasas de casos reportados y en la proporcion de casos previamente tratados. La transmision de TB continua siendo muy alta en estas dos comunidades, y las medidas de control a dia de hoy han fallado. Se requieren medidas adicionales para el control de la TKeywords
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