Back-Gated Point Contact

Abstract
In this study, we fabricated split gates on a back-gated undoped heterostructure to perform transport measurements on a quantum point contact (QPC). Using this back-gated QPC system, we obtained clear quantized conductance plateaus over a wide range of electron densities (1.2×1015 m-2 to 3.3×1015 m-2) without being affected by imperfections. We also observed a clear 0.7 G 0 (G 0=2e 2/h) anomaly. The shape of the anomaly varies with electron density. Furthermore, the conductance value at which this anomaly appears is not precisely 0.7 G 0 but changes with electron density.