Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations of Cell Population and Bacterial Contamination of Membranes Used for Guided Periodontal Tissue Regeneration in Humans

Abstract

Fourteen intrabony periodontal defects and six furcation defects (Class II) were treated by a flap procedure which included the use of a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane to allow guided tissue regeneration. After 4 to 6 weeks of healing, the membranes were retrieved and examined by scanning electron microscopy for the presence of adherent cells and other tissue elements. The cervical open pore-structured collar of the membrane, which in most cases had become partially exposed to the oral cavity, had a deposit of bacterial plaque. Bacterial colonies and a scatter of single cells in some instances extended into the mid-third of the membrane. Fibroblast-like cells and, in some specimens, blood vessels and fibrous structures were seen in the mid-third and deep parts of the membrane. Generally, however, the occlusive portion of the membrane was characterized by a sparseness of adherent tissue elements. There did not seem to be a systematic difference in the nature and distribution of the adherent structures on the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane. The findings suggest that, in addition to preventing flap tissues from contacting the root surface, an important function of the membrane is to protect the integrity of the underlying blood clot by diverting mechanical stress acting on the flap during early stages of healing.