Influence of the soybean male-sterile gene (ms1) on the development of the female gametophyte

Abstract
Megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis were examined in a male-sterile, female-fertile mutant (ms1) of soybean (G. max (L.) Merr.). Multinucleate (more than 8) megagametophytes resulted from failure of postmeiotic cytokinesis that leads to a coenomegaspore of four haploid nuclei. Fusion of some nuclei may occur. Subsequent development results in mature megagametophytes with up to 4 eggs, or often abortion. These results support field data that show the male-sterile ms1 gene is associated with increased frequencies of polyembryony, polyploidy, haploidy and reduced female fertility.