The induction of nitric oxide synthase and intestinal vascular permeability by endotoxin in the rat

Abstract

1 The effect of endotoxin (E. coli lipopolysaccharide) on the induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the changes in vascular permeability in the colon and jejunum over a 5 h period have been investigated in the rat. 2 Under resting conditions, a calcium-dependent constitutive NOS, determined by the conversion of radiolabeled l-arginine to citrulline, was detected in homogenates of both colonic and jejunal tissue. 3 Administration of endotoxin (3 mg kg⁻¹, i.v.) led, after a 2 h lag period, to the appearance of calcium-independent NOS activity in the colon and jejunum ex vivo, characteristic of the inducible NOS enzyme. 4 Administration of endotoxin led to an increase in colonic and jejunal vascular permeability after a lag period of 3 h, determined by the leakage of radiolabelled albumin. 5 Pretreatment with dexamethasone (1 mg kg⁻¹ s.c., 2 h prior to challenge) inhibited both the induction of NOS and the vascular leakage induced by endotoxin. 6 Administration of the NO synthase inhibitor N^G-monomethyl-l-arginine (12.5–50 mg kg⁻¹, s.c.) 3 h after endotoxin injection, dose-dependently reduced the subsequent increase in vascular permeability in jejunum and colon, an effect reversed by l-arginine (300 mg kg⁻¹, s.c). 7 These findings suggest that induction of NOS is associated with the vascular injury induced by endotoxin in the rat colon and jejunum.