Disposable Electrochemical Immunosensor Diagnosis Device Based on Nanoparticle Probe and Immunochromatographic Strip

Abstract

We describe a disposable electrochemical immunosensor diagnosis device that integrates the immunochromatographic strip technique with an electrochemical immunoassay and exploits quantum dot (QD, CdS@ZnS) as labels for amplifying signal output. The device takes advantage of the speed and low cost of the conventional immunochromatographic strip test and the high sensitivity of the nanoparticle-based electrochemical immunoassay. A sandwich immunoreaction was performed on the immunochromatographic strip, and the captured QD labels in the test zone were determined by highly sensitive stripping voltammetric measurement of the dissolved metallic component (cadmium) with a disposable screen-printed electrode, which is embedded underneath the membrane on the test zone. The new device coupled with a portable electrochemical analyzer shows great promise for in-field and point-of-care quantitative testing of disease-related protein biomarkers. The parameters (e.g., voltammetric measurement of QD labels, antibody immobilization, the loading amount of QD−antibody, and the immunoreaction time) that govern the sensitivity and reproducibility of the device were optimized with IgG model analyte. The voltammetric response of the optimized device is highly linear over the range of 0.1−10 ng mL^-1 IgG, and the limit of detection is estimated to be 30 pg mL^-1 in association with a 7-min immunoreaction time. The detection limit was improved to 10 pg mL^-1 using a 20-min immunoreaction time. The device has been successfully applied for the detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in human serum sample with a detection limit of 20 pg mL^-1_. The results were validated by using the commercial PSA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and showed high consistency. The new disposable electrochemical diagnosis device thus provides a rapid, clinically accurate, and quantitative tool for protein biomarker detection.