Dietary olive and safflower oils in promotion of DMBA‐induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats

Abstract

Interpretation of studies comparing the efficacy of different dietary fat sources in promoting 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]‐anthracene (DMBA)‐induced rat mammary tumorigenesis often ignores the fact that about 4% (wt/wt) linoleic acid (18:2n‐6) is required for optimal tumor promotion. We therefore fed DMBA‐intubated or placebo‐intubated female, Sprague‐Dawley rats 20% fat diets containing 18:2n‐6 (wt/wt) from either high‐linoleic safflower oil (SL, 14.6% 18:2n‐6), high‐oleic safflower oil (SO, 3.4% 18:2n‐6), olive oil (OO, 1.1% 18:2n‐6), or OO supplemented with 18:2n‐6 (OL, 3.4% 18:2n‐6) for 16 weeks. Results indicated that OO‐fed rats had longer tumor‐free time, fewer tumors per rat, and lower tumor incidence compared with SO and OL. Addition of 2.3% 18:2n‐6 to OO enhanced tumor promotion (p < 0.04); SL, SO, and OL demonstrated similar tumor‐enhancement effect. About 74% of observed mammary tumors were adenocarcinomas; a greater number of tumors appeared in the thoracic and inguinal than in the cervical and abdominal regions irrespective of diet. These results indicate that once an optimal amount of linoleic acid is provided in the diet, oleic‐ or linoleic‐rich oils have similar effects on promotion of mammary tumors in the rat.