Propionic Acidemia and Hyperlysinemia in a Case With Ornithine Transcarbamylase (OTC) Deficiency

Abstract

A female infant with episodic hyperammonemia due to a disorder of the urea cycle and who had hyperlysinemia and an unusual elevation of short chain fatty acids, mainly propionate, is described. Both occurred apparently only during attacks of hyperammonemia. Propionic acidemia was ruled out by enzyme studies. OTC deficiency was diagnosed on the basis of:1) decreased enzyme activity in leukocytes; 2) hyperammonemia in response to protein intakes in excess of 2.0 g/kg/day; 3) orotic aciduria in the patient and her asymptomatic mother; 4) suggestive evidence of x-linked dominant inheritance; and 5) exclusion of citrullinemia, argininosuccinic aciduria, argininemia, and disorders of lysine metabolism that are associated with hyperammonemia. Homocitrullinuria, presence of ε-N-acetyl-1-lysine in urine, and absence of saccharopine indicate deficiency of the saccharopine pathway of lysine degradation. However, α-ketoglutarate reductase was normal in fibroblasts. Since these metabolites were observed only in conjunction with hyperammonemia but not after a lysine load, we suggest that there was competition between ammonia and lysine for αketoglutarate. The link between disorders of the urea cycle and short chain fatty acid metabolismremains unexplained.