Binding of thrombin‐activated human factor VIII to platelets

Abstract

Summary. To study association of platelets with factor VIII, the purified protein was ¹²⁵I-labelled with Bolton-Hunter reagent to a specific activity of 243 000–360 000 cpm/U. Autoradiographs of SDS polyacrylamide gels revealed polypep-tides of VIII at M_r about 240 kDa, 90 kDa and intermediate values, as well as some radioactive contaminants, but the light chain (M_r 78/76) seen with silver stain was not labelled. After 2.5–5-fold activation with thrombin, the higher radioactive M_r band disappeared, the band at 90 kDa became more intense, and a band appeared at about 45 kDa. The radioactivity associated with platelets, studied in the presence of haemophilic BaS0₄-treated plasma, was maximal after 6–8 min and increased 3–15-fold on activation with thrombin. With activated VIII, autoradiographs of platelet pellets showed only Villa but results are expressed as units of unactivated VIII bound. At 0.3–0.7 U/ml, 10⁸ platelets bound 0.0008–0.004 U Villa. The amount bound was not affected by the ratio of unlabelled VIII to VIII labelled in the presence of a 50-fold molar excess of unlabelled Bolton-Hunter reagent. Binding increased to 1.5 U Villa/10⁸ platelets (about 13 600 molecules per platelet) at 140 U/ml, with no evidence of saturation. Binding was not affected by monoclonal antibodies to platelet glycoproteins IIb/IIIa or Ib, quenching the thrombin before adding platelets, or aggregating the platelets with A2318 7 in the presence of thrombin. Qualitatively, binding of labelled Villa and factor Va studied by others are similar. Binding of ¹²⁵I-Villa to aggregated and unaggregated platelets was normal in patient M.S. whose platelets were shown by others to be deficient in their ability to bind radiolabelled factor Xa and generate coagulant activity. This difference, and the fact that platelet coagulant activity is increased by platelet activation and/or aggregation, suggest that binding of Va or Villa alone does not determine the assembly of active proteolytic complexes on the platelet surface.