Substitution of Tyrosine for Phenylalanine in Fibrinopeptide A Results in Preferential Thrombin Cleavage of Fibrinopeptide B from Fibrinogen

Abstract

Phenylalanine at residue 8 in the Aα chain of fibrinogen is a highly conserved amino acid that is believed to be critical for binding and catalysis by the serine protease thrombin. We have examined the requirement for Phe at this position by constructing a variant recombinant fibrinogen with a conservative substitution of tyrosine for phenylalanine, Aα F8Y fibrinogen. We found that the variant fibrinopeptide A (F8Y 1−16) was cleaved by thrombin, in contrast to the lack of cleavage of an Aα 1−23 peptide and an Aα 1−50 fusion protein with the same substitution. This result indicates that fibrinogen residues other than Aα 1−50 participate in thrombin binding and fibrinogen proteolysis. We found, for the first time, that thrombin-catalyzed lysis of the fibrinogen Bβ chain preceded lysis of the Aα chain, such that fibrinopeptide B (FpB) was released prior to F8Y 1−16. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that F8Y 1−16 was a very poor substrate for thrombin, with a specificity constant 280-fold lower than normal fibrinopeptide A. FpB was also a poor substrate, but the specificity constant for FpB was only 4-fold lower than normal. Consequently, FpB was preferentially released from Aα F8Y fibrinogen. This “role reversal” had a dramatic effect on polymerization, such that the rate of Aα F8Y fibrinogen polymerization was 13% of the rate of normal recombinant fibrinogen. These results confirm the importance of phenylalanine at Aα chain residue 8 for efficient thrombin-catalyzed proteolysis of fibrinogen, and further demonstrate that sequential fibrinopeptide release has an important role in normal polymerization.