Clinical, pharmacological and immunological aspects of delayed pressure urticaria

Abstract

The clinical features of 32 patients with delayed pressure urticaria [PU] were studied. Special laboratory tests were performed in 7 patients. Striking clinical features included a long duration of the disease (mean 6 yr) and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 71%, dermographism in 63% and a leukocytosis in 33% of the patients. There was prolongation of weals in response to histamine, compound 48/80 [condensation product of 4-methoxy-N-methylbenzene methylenamine and formaldehyde], concanavalin A and NaCl. In some patients, histamine and chemotactic factor levels were increased in suction blisters over skin test and delayed pressure sites. In extracts from pressure weals, chemotactic activity was found for leukotriene B4, its 20-.omega.-oxidation products and mono-HETE [12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid]. Studies of peripheral blood leukocytes revealed significantly increased intracellular histamine levels and increased release of histamine and a trend to increased release of chemotactic activity from stimulated patient cells. The response of leukocytes to mitogens was normal. Histamine plays a major role in the pathogenesis of PU. Arachidonate-derived chemotactic factors might account for the variably observed leukocytosis and the cellular infiltrate in lesions of pressure urticaria. Additional mediators must be involved in PU in order to explain the unique prolonged wealing response.