A report is given on the incidence of human and rodent plague infections with a description of their distribution in place and time for the Island of Hawaii. From 1900 to date, 155 human infections and 1282 infections in rodents and rodent ectoparasites have been recorded. The periodic recrudescence of human plague infection and the continued presence of the plague organism in rodent and rodent fleas necessitate the maintenance of a surveillance program which may serve as a basis for intensive plague-suppressive measures.