Nickel, a persistent inadvertent contaminant in device-grade vapour epitaxially grown gallium phosphide

Abstract
The presence of Ni in vapour-phase epitaxy (VPE) GaP has been detected through the strong photoluminescence band it induces in the infrared, centred near 2 mu m. The band remains intense up to Ga(d8). This luminescence is a persistent feature of undoped VPE GaP and may be present up to 30% of the strength observed in Ni-diffused material.