Enzymatic Reduction of Chloramphenicol and Nitrosochloramphenicol by Rat Liver Microsomal Preparations

Abstract

Chloramphenicol produces 2 types of toxicity to the hematopoietic system: reversible bone marrow suppression; and irreversible aplastic anemia. Chloramphenicol (CAP) and nitrosochloramphenicol (NO-CAP) were metabolized to aromatic amines by rat liver microsomes in vitro. The reduction required anaerobic conditions and was mediated by a NADPH-dependent reductase system. Both CAP and NO-CAP reduction were time and concentration dependent. Compared to CAP, NO-CAP (0.5 mM) reduction was rapid with complete conversion occurring in 90-120 min. At 2.5 mM NO-CAP reduction was depressed. In the presence of NO-CAP (0.05-2.5 mM), CAP metabolism was inhibited from 17 to 91%. CAP and NO-CAP are evidently metabolized by similar microsomal reductase systems, and NO-CAP is unstable, readily reduced further to the aromatic amine.