American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis unresponsive to antimonial drugs: successful treatment using combination of N‐Methilglucamine Antimoniate plus Pentoxifylline

Abstract

Background American cutaneous leishmaniasis is characterized by single or multiple ulcerations. Cytokines, among other factors, have been shown to influence lesion development and tumoral necrosis factor‐alpha is a major cytokine implicated in pathogenesis of ulcers. Observations We tested oral pentoxifylline, a known tumoral necrosis factor‐alpha inhibitor, at doses of 400 mg (2–3x/day), associated to N‐methylglucamine antimoniate (15 mg/kg/day) in two patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis unresponsive to antimonial drugs. We observed a satisfactory response with quick cure of skin lesions of these patients. Conclusions Our results suggest that oral pentoxifylline in association to N‐methylglucamine antimoniate should be consider in refractory cutaneous leishmaniasis patients.