Much has been written during the past few years on the use of scarlet fever antitoxin in the treatment of this disease. Many prominent physicians, such as Veldee, Stevenson and Mitchell,1 Winkel,2 Lichtenstein,3 and Gordon,4 supported by considerable personal experience, proclaim with great emphasis that when scarlet fever antitoxin is administered early and in sufficient quantity there follows a decline in the fever, a reduction in the number of febrile days and a decrease in the incidence of complications. On the other hand, just as many physicians of equal prominence and experience, as Toomey and Dolch,5 Gabriel6 and Rolleston,7 disagree in part or in toto with these observations. Toomey believes that the slight amount of good noticed in the use of this antitoxin is counterbalanced by the ill effects produced in the occurrence of serum disease. We have therefore set out without any